This page has links, and terms used in the Ice Ring and and Lake Stars.
Ice Rings: Concentric rings in snow ice. A large ring family can have up to 100 + rings and arcs over a distance of 100+ft (30M).
Ring Diameter: The diameter of a ring
Ring Seporation: How far are adjecent rings. (typically 1 to 1.5 feet on Shelburne pond (2018) and 6+ feet on Norway Pond
Arc: a partial ring, they are quite common in ring families.
Lake Star: A common snow ice feature. also called: lake star, star, octups, crab, and other things. Lake Stars are a common feature of snow ice. They often have dark feeder paths where water flowing up through the ice sheet melts a path along the bottom of the snow ice layer.
Darcy flow: Laminar flow through a bed of particles. In this case it is water flowing through snow.
Slush: a mixture of snow and water. slush forms when an ice sheetor and then gets snowed on. Initially water percolates up through pores in the ice via buoyancy and capilary rise. As the upflow hole erodes and the water flow picks up the the weight of the snow and water mixture (slush) further submerges the ice sheet.
A slush domain is the area on top of the ice sheet that that has slush formed from an up-flow hole. If it not obstructed by the shore or another slush domain it will be a round disk that grows radially from the outer edge of the domain as water flows from the up-flow hole to the outer edge of the slush domain.
Ring Rupture: The visible ring of darker ice about 1/4" wide. It is the circular crack in the ice sheet that formed when the outer of the edge of the slush domain broke from the cantilever weight or the slush. The crack probably propagated rapidly around around the the
Buried ring rupture: The ring ruptures at Norway Pond in 2019 had an 18 inch snow storm at the time the rings formed. The rings are wider (several inches). The ring separation is also bigger (several feet)..
Up-flow hole: a hole that allows water flow from under an ice sheet to the top of an ice sheet. Probably starts from a tripple junction in the ice crystal structure or a crack.
Capillary Rise: How high water can wick up through snow. Capillary rise is typically a few inches.
Buoyancy: the force that allows objects to float.
Links
Thin Plate Theory: a mathematical understanding of stress in ice that is much wider than it is thick.
http://lakeice.squarespace.com/ice-engineering/
Pages of interest in Ice Engineering: 17 to 19
Other information on Lake Stars and Ice Rings can be found in the 'Ice Features section of the site.
